Ernst & Young Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ernst & Young Inc - Case Study Example Its span to Europe, Middle East, Africa, America, Asia-Pacific and Japan and its service line of Assurance, Tax, Advisory and Transaction Advisory services does not give it the luxury to hire new employees every time. Training employees is an expensive affair and waste of resource, rehiring of employees is a cheaper method. Each employee in an organization brings a different skill and expertise that make the organization run more efficiently and be productive. Those employees that are inconsistent with the company policy of work ethics and do not conform to the company’s policy should not be rehired when they leave. A former employee would reapply owing to the following reasons: 1. Posting of job vacancies on the website may create a feeling not being appreciated by the company as competent for the job. They may feel as if the company does not consider them qualified enough for existing positions. 2. Employees who left the organization, pursued other areas or even the same area of expertise, and are doing well, may create a desire for the current employees to leave and pursue their career development out of the

Information security risk assessment and mitigation strategies develop Thesis Proposal

Information security risk assessment and mitigation strategies development - Thesis Proposal Example Therefore, it is relevant to any company to develop security risk assessment and mitigation strategy to save data from potential external risk. In order to facilitate the process security risk assessment and mitigation strategies with regards to information security, it is relevant to work out a mechanism of dealing with the potential hazard of data steal from any company. On the basis of modern studies, it is relevant to develop a holistic strategy to data security provision that would be based on the principles applicable for any company. This research is focused on considering strategic steps of security management taken in case potential information hazards may occur. The research question is the following: â€Å"How is it possible for any organization to improve and apply effective information security risk assessment and mitigation strategies†. Moreover, it is further on suggested how to work out security risk assessment process. Therefore, a practical aspect of security management is correlated with recent theoretical findings presented in contemporary researches and studies. This research has been mainly developed for the needs of the organizations requiring improvement of information security risk assessment and mitigation strategies. This research is relevant from practical point of view. Though it is based on recent researches and findings in the field of information security, it brings in an innovative vision about the role of information security and strategies directed on dealing with it.

Analysis On Indian International Business Scenarios

Analysis On Indian International Business Scenarios The world that we live in today has progressed dramatically in almost all aspects. Considering these changes and trends in the course of time, we can relate from our observation that international business and its activities also have rather gone in for a change. When we reflect back to certain course of progression, especially international business scenario we can see and subsequently observes the many notable changes in and around us. Important feature to be noted initially can also be surmised towards Globalization and its impact today that have taken its course since the late 80s. In that context, the role and impact of globalization also have tremendously given a new dimension for international business and meaning in all matter thereof. Above all, international business today also designate and defines a hyper activity that have gone for a change altogether. A change for all the good reason though. But what defines international business or the meaning of its concepts? To be p recise in that regard, international business can be understood as to involve the exchange of goods and services across or within international and national boundaries for the sole purpose of commercial reasons. In addition, international business is also understood as an exchange process involving relationships, input and outputs, between social actions located in different countries. And there is every reason to relate that international business can be influenced by certain factors that are noncommercial as well such as social and political scenario, which together is in consideration. (Mohammad Reza Vaghefi, 1991, p. 4) Assimilating the meaning of international business from the aforementioned definition, we should acknowledge the fact that international business today provides abundant avenues. To top it all, the course of international business in the current state of affairs have advanced to a crucial and critical stage in all matters. What we can relate to the course of inte rnational business in the current state of affairs is the notion that understanding its features and the many interrelated factor is also very essentials, so as to drive home the idea. In doing so, we feel it would be pertinent that should be reflected constructively. In that essence, it is pertinent that issues and factor in consideration for the discourse of this work also is clarified. The following paragraph thus relates the issue in consideration. Identification of Issue and Objective: An Overview As we have surmised above to the notion of international business, analyzing its pertinent factors is crucial. In the discourse of this work and its analysis we can relate that international business as a subject study is a hot topic of discussion. Debate, discussion and arguments thus pertaining in favor and against international business also is constantly a matter of attention grabber, given the huge stakes in it. Hence, herein we can relate as to where the significant feature of the subject matter probable arguments stem from. Considering these factors, it should be clarified that the purpose and objective of this work in parts is to trace the relevancy of international and its role today. Comparative analysis thus is one domain that is central to the issue in consideration. To be precise, we are of the opinion that international business scenario today extrapolates an avenues for theories to be implied practically. Thus, the purpose of this work overall is to reflect upon features of international business scenario, its role and impact. In that sense, India as an international Business destination comes as a preferred country to reflect our analysis. The following questions also stems out:- What are the relation of relation of India and its participation in international trade and FDI intercalation? How the stocks, direction, volume and composition on international business scenario take shapes in India? Who constitutes major trading partner with India? That is to say, the Who whos on the list of India trade partners. How treaties, bilateral ties and all in between are integrated and streamlines in matter of internal business discourse? Subject to these questions, we feel the salient features in it also cannot just be viewed in general. There is reason enough that relating about international business should be based on certain background. In recent times India participation in international business reflects to the course of India emerging role in international business. Add to it, experts are of the opinion that international business in India today is lucrative enough and provides greater avenues and opportunities platforms. Yet the scope for improvement is also there. (Anonymous) In conjunction with the above concise historical sketch, we can augment that India today is in a progressive stage of dramatic developments. There is no denying the fact. India and its discussion in international scenario also readily grab attention for the sheer element attached to it. As a developing nations, India today have done exceedingly well enough in maintaining its economic and social growth constantly; subsequently attracting international investments, and extending its socio-cultural and economic relations across international borders. To top it all, the driving force in context of India dramatic rise in international business scenario also can be related to its political environment that have been stable to facilitate ties, trade and bilateral relation, which are crucial to international business to take roots. In the global stage, India today is viewed upon as the rising economic power in the making, and most importantly preferred investment destinations. Considering these aspects, we feel it would be prudent that theories of Trade and FDI should be taken as a first course of the structural process in order to assimilate the salient feature of international business and its activity in India, which is as follows. Theories of Trade and FDI International business and its discussion is rather complex in a sense. Thus, it is crucial that to understand the meaning of international theory and trend should form a part of this discussion. What we can assume from our observation of international business scenario is the fact that macro and micro-economics play a significant role in international business and its discourse. In that capacity, macroeconomic theories on internationalization reflect the salient features towards traditional approach to trade and FDI (Foreign Domestic Investment), as well as an interrelated theory on fragmentation. In that essence, it should be understood that macroeconomic theory provides an insight on the basic driving force of economies and its activities, which is thus based upon internationalization and its processes and procedures. (Vogelsang, 2010, p. 84) Theoretically, the subject relation and pattern of internationalization and its discussion at most instances reflect or combine traditional macroeconomic theories that lay emphasis upon trade and FDI. We cant deny this fact considering that without relevant trade agreements, ties and FDI the very object of international business doesnt make sense at all. Moreover, approaches towards international business also verily take a starting discourse from within the domains of trade and FDI. Thus, trade and FDI in context of international business and macroscopic theory forms an important part and foundation of internationalization and its processes. Hence, understanding trade in one part and common approaches towards FDI is also crucial to drive home the idea. The question that arises thus is what constitutes the features of trade in international business? Laying emphasis on this notion, we are of the opinion that trade in international business is one important approach. Trade in context of international business and macroeconomic theory defines the notion of purchasing in spot markets without any barrier. That is to say international business approach at the core undertakes and shape trading scenario with other countries within and across international borders. Ricardo model thus is considered to be the best explanation to international trade approach. (Vogelsang, 2010, p. 84) What is significant to Ricardo model can be reflected towards comparative advantage due to trade. Given thus, different partner are required to carry out trade for comparative advantage and to streamline the process of internationalization. To derive th e meaning of it, we feel it should be exemplified to certain cases related to India today. As we are aware, today India plays a crucial emerging role in export and import for different commodities to sustain and facilitate the economic process. Internationalization has opened up large avenues for India to trade with likeminded parties in the international market. Take for instance US, UK, China, etc. Latest news highlight in regard to trade concerning India reflects that India is more likely to open up dialogue towards bilateral trade and ties with trading partners, which is one central factor of international trade and its policy. Such highlights also reflects India emerging role in internationalization. (EconomicTimes, 2010) Apart from trade, considering the salient features of FDI at best can be drawn to the meaning of it in simple form. Foreign Domestic Investment when approached to international business defines the changing structure of property owners in the country invested in. That is to say, ownership of the course of investment takes a different shape. FDI thus can be differentiated between the following:- Greenfield investment: It relate to factor such as when a new plant is established in a foreign country. Vertical integration: Vertical integration to FDI approaches relate to factor of acquisition of supplier along the value chains Horizontal Integration: Concerning horizontal integration, the meaning of it concerns the mergers of companies from a position of the value chains. In that capacity, the best example that we can cite is the emergence of MNC (Multinational Companies). (Vogelsang, 2010, p. 84) Assimilating these theoretical meaning, we are of the opinion that its approaches is also very crucial. Take for example case scenario in India today. What we can relate to Indian Economic process is the mushrooming number of MNC in most sectors and industry. Such a development is good and perfect to facilitate growth, internationalization and to derive the meaning of international business concepts. What we can speculate is that FDI in India was initiated way back in 1992. In two decade from then, today FDI has played a crucial role in the development of the economy, and to a certain degree enabling India to maintain progressive growth, financial stability and raising the standards of living. (EconomyWatch) Considering these aspects as detailed above in context of theories of trade and FDI, we feel India have tremendously had a share of its practical implication in all matter thereof, which we can conclude that FDI and Trade have had a major impact on India Economic process since the late eighties due to the direct impact of internationalization and its process. Social Cultural Forces: Its aspects and Impacts in India Culturally, India displays a unique substance and essence when benched marked on the cultural fronts. But it should also be understood that India of the yesteryears and today are two different cultural identities. Speaking, it doesnt mean to relate the features that India has lost its sheen of traditional aspects, but the change in the cultural domains that have been witnessed all these years that have reshaped the image ion India in international context. In the 21st century today, the cultural face of India displays a sheer combination of improvements in all aspects. Let consider herein the features that can be related towards work ethics and its culture. In that aspect, we are of the notion that the emergence of India and its transgression into international scenario have redefined the scope of its work ethics overall. India today displays a sheer combination of progression all domains of the economy and its processes. As we have related earlier, FDI, foreign Trade, and stocks hav e progressed dramatically in the current state of affairs that is often credited to the rise of India middle class society. India today is viewed upon as a nation that offers tremendous growth factor when it concern works, given the work ethics that reflects international trends. This is also one attracting features. To top it all, such a progression in recent times has opened up avenues of possibilities for India to transform its work culture by benefitting directly from international business and comparative management and practices. Above all, skilled manpower and the emergence of powerful middle class in the society today also have given a new dimension to India work ethics that is diverse in its scope and reach. (Anonymous) Put it to India growth rate today that is calculated to be at 9%, the very essence of it also mirrors the specific fact of India better work culture (RAGHAVAN) to have taken shape. In the second instance relating to India cultural domains in areas such as family, kingship, religion and traditional cultural aspects, its course have also undergone dramatic changes. Yet it should be understood that despite the changes all around, India havent part with its traditional cultural identity. India as a nation today displays a sheer combination of modernity with a dash and perfect blend of traditions. That also perfectly defines India social cultural essence, which we can conclude is due to the outcome of direct impact of the internationalization process. Moreover, the economic process in India today can be subjected towards social cultural impact is significant in the effort of sustain growth and maintain constraint development in all aspects of its economic, social and political processes. However, we feel that without relating to the aspects encompassing India Education, health, gender equality and most important people attitudes, the very object of social cultural d iscussion also cannot be complete. Considering these features, we feel that in the health sector accelerating growth defines the same in India. Justifying the same, we can augment our point by relating towards India role in upgrading its health sector to facilitate better facilities and to derive the direct effect of it in context of international business environment. Entry of private sector is one important step towards upgrading service quality in Indian health industry. Moreover, the impact of corporatization and comparative trends also has significantly brought about new norms to be followed. Thus, improvements in health related scenario have dramatically improved, wherein the direct impact of internationalization also can be reflected with strata such as the emerging trend of integrating technology, telemedicine and medical tourism. (TradeChakra) As per available report with CBC news dated way back to 2004, there is a highlight in which it relates that India is preferred desti nation for medical activities, be it for individuals form US, Canada or elsewhere. The simple fact to such a change in trends can be looked upon the scenario of Indian Medical industry that has progressed dramatically. To top it all, the cost factor also plays a significant role towards Indian medical industry trends that is fast catching up worldwide and considered to be a multi-billion industry in the making. (CBCNews, 2004) As for educational sectors, literary rate among Indian inhabitants today should directly relate to the impact of international process within the socio-cultural environment and its impact. When compared to wards the current state and two decades down the line, India Education sector also improved dramatically in recent times. Compulsory Education Act passed by the parliament in 2009 signify a serious efforts made by India policy makers to reaps the benefits of Education today. The landmark Education Acts and free Education Policy is with an outlook to facilitate the increasing needs for education among citizens. (IndiaEduNews, 2009) In addition, as per India literacy census commencing 2001 there is indication that literary rate have notch an overall 65%, in which male literacy rate is calculated at 75%, whereas for females the literacy rate is 53%. Benchmarking with 1991 census, there is a dramatic improvement in the educational front as well, (IndiaGovermentReport, 2005) which indic ates the rise of India in the global stage. (India Literacy Graph Annexure I attached at the End) Assimilating these facts, we feel that there is a great scope for investment within the Education or Health sector in India. Above all, the changing demographic also signify India emergence in the international scenario. Hence, considering these aspects, we feel that their role towards international business environment is also very significant. Surprisingly from socio-cultural perspectives, gender equality in India also has gone for a change. Societal attitudes towards women, their role, status and equity have been redefined. India constitutional impact in that regard also professes gender equality as fundamental rights, which barred the subjugation, disparity and discrimination of women folks in the society. Empowering women and the role played by India policy makers also signifies an emergence of India in the international platform. (AzadIndiaFoundation, 2010) Thus, what we see today in and around are the rise of women power within the corporate sectors, where their role is being recognized as befitting towards socio-cultural developments. Thus, accumulating together the analysis as stated above, we are of the opinion that India social and cultural forces, its impact and aspects have given a new dimension in context of international business environment. Natural Environment and Sustainability In international management and its study, understanding the relationship of natural environment and sustainability is also one important attribute. Hyper international activities today rings back the crucial element and question of natural environment and sustainability. Likewise, it should also be acknowledged that natural environment is often a critical factor, given that it is the source of support for everything used in business, such as sources of energy, life sustaining factors and other elements. Hence, the natural environment in all instances determines what can be done in the society and how institutions can functions. Above all, resource availability is the most fundamental factor in the development of business in societies (Cherunilam, 2007, p. 112) We feel the natural environment in contemporary India have rather gone for a drastic change in all aspects. Aas per available reports, India land area is a vast coverage of approximately 1,229,737 sq. mi. That is to say, land area coverage in India is about 3,287,590 sq. km approx. The climatic condition in India varies from tropical to temperate in parts of India geographical locations. The topography of India is surrounded by the Deccan plateau in the southern region, deserts in the western region and the Himalayas in the northern region. (IndianChild) To top it all, natural environment infrastructure is India is also in a developing stage, with much scope for further development. The infrastructure for water supply, ground water management is in tune with the current need and requirement of the contemporary trend. However, the sad state of affairs is that sustainable features are yet to derive it course. Although green revolution in India has started way back since the late 80s, b ut most of its impact is within the agricultural domain, considering that India is an agricultural country. (Chandra, 2004, pp. 127-130) But what is not surprising to note is the fact that since independence industrialization has transformed the natural development course of India. In all instance, the combining discourse towards natural environment and sustainability is a major things that gets policy makers a hard time. What we can relate to the point of natural environment and sustainability in India is the fact that increasing urbanization has brought in it the baggage of many harmful effects. Yet we can be sure to speculate that Indian natural environment that influence international business is well balanced. However, much grounds work need to be initiated to propagate a sustainable development course that can further rings in the benefits for the society. The important aspects of natural environment in maintaining sustainable growth in facilitating the process of internationalization cannot be brushed aside. To top it all, Scholars also have asserted that at the course of any social system is the natural environment and the available technology. In that aspect, these factors also define the possibility of human actions in the society. (Cherunilam, 2007, p. 112) The good news is that Indian policy makers are realizing the impact of globalization; both negative and positive features, to have subsequently initiated certain grounds rules to asses the natural environment constructively and to propagate sustainable development course as a measure. In the context, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in India defines the purpose and scope of it through its process that translate into impact assessment that is officially recognized towards an essential exercise in the course of implementing development projects. The formation of Department o f Environment in India in 1980 is also with the sole aim to access factor that can harness sustainable development in tune with internationalization. (Ghosh, 2003, p. 247) We can further comment that, India is fortunate enough to have the richness of its natural resources and abundant diversity of living resources. Thus the need of the time is to adequately manage such aspect of natural environment, in order to harness the development course for all time. The salient feature in that essence also can be laid emphasis to the degree that a nation can prosper only when resource of the environment is utilized efficiently to satisfy human needs and expectation. (Ghosh, 2003, p. 313) Assimilating the abovementioned discussion, what we drive home from the idea on natural environment and sustainability in context of international business can be related towards the trends that have shifted towards ethics in discourse, and factor the determines the course of business to flourish and take course. We are aware that increasing internationalization has also added up a bundle of ethical issues to crop up. One example in that regard is the diminishing factor of natural resources and its reserves. Due to internationalization, environmental concerns also have increasingly grown. Cases as such can be reflected towards global warming and its effects due to direct impact of international business and its increasing activity. Moreover, increasing dependent of the modern society and nations upon natural resources also have threaten to change the very face of the natural environment, such as natural reserves of fossil fuels; impacting the ecological process and physical phenomeno n in due course. Finally what we can conclude is that policy makers in India are facilitating the right course of action to harness the impact of globalization, which posits the point of natural environment and sustainability. Economic and Socio-Economic Factors In international business, economic and socio-economic factor also plays a significant influential role. To be precise, we are of the opinion that the economic process today is governed and influenced by social forces. There is no denying this fact. What is relevant to the study of socio-economic forces can be laid emphasis to the notion that social trends and its impact directly have a role to play in socioeconomic process. But what are those social forces that directly shapes the determine norms to the economic process? To top it all, do social institutions also constitutes a part of the process? To this notion, the answer is yes, given that social institution today has a major and central role to contribute towards socioeconomic integration and its processes. To identify social forces, we should understand that much of it is related to posit a factor or force that has a direct relation with social phenomena with the capability to cause change in all forms of its interaction proces ses. Assimilating this notion we bring to the subject discussion that social forces can either be identified with the cultural, institutional and other aspects. Speaking of institutions, we are aware that their presence and role in the society today is central. In India for instance, institution to a large extent influence the socio-economic process. We are aware that India is a democratic nation. Hence, impact and direct interaction of social institutions almost make a mark in all aspects concerning economic process. Take for instance a bank, as an institution play a major part in facilitating economic process, and yet bridge a way to internationalization processes. Without financial institution, the unsanitary economic discourse would not have been possible. To top it all, the role media plays in India and elsewhere also directly influences the social phenomena in one form or the other. As we are aware, in international business Public relation is a major part of the overall consideration. Through media forms awareness can be facilitated concerning many crucial facts and significant discourse. Thus, what we see is that advancement in technology also often rings in the social change process, and trends to take shape. In that regard, socio-economic process finds its consideration to the change in patterns and attitude of people to certain phenomena. In that regard, policy makers also find a hard time to bridge the gap that arises due to socio-economic aspects. In India the same phenomena is also being observed, especially relating to technology and its impact. What we can reflect to this notion is the fact that technology advancement is often known to further extend the gap between rural and urban development. For example, the case can be traced to the extensive use of internet in urban households. However, benchmarking it with rural households there is a large gap, which often worries policy makers today. (Wal J. Taylor, 2003.) In that essence, we can trace as to how the socio-economic factor determines the course of actions and likewise. We are aware that contemporary Indi a and the emergence of institutional role have facilitated and assist the country to harness the opportunities of globalization. What the social institution have played in India can be reflected towards the governmental agencies and their policies. It is through the interaction of the social institution that policies such as economic linearization have seen the face of daylight in India. To top it all, policies related to foreign trade, investment and political participations also have been possible due to the simple facts of institutional role in all instance. Thus what we can drive home the point in that regard is that through social-economic interaction, India today have been able to harness the befitting force in facilitating economic, social, and political growth and development. Fact sheets available with CIA fact book also trace the important element attached to the discussion in this regard. (CIAWorldFActBook, 2010) Assimilating the above discussion, we feel that social institutions be it government agencies and the likes have played a significant role to influence the process of economic activities in India. To cite an example again, we feel that governmental body and their agencies through the formulation of policies and other agenda facilitates economic integration directly. It is through policies that bilateral ties trade and other aspects in the list of economic and social agenda are being realized through the actions of policy makers and larders. The role that government bodies plays today in a democratic nation is also one of the many course that defines the socio-economic factors. Institution itself can be in many forms that define the aspects comprising organizations; the interaction between people and the likes. Moreover, as we are aware political process also take its course and actions in all aspects of the social and economic process. In current state of affairs in India the same phenomena also can be witnessed. That is why we see a heightened sense of political origination concerning international business and its discussion. The role that Indian leaders play in facilitating ties, bilateral trade and other features of agreements in the international body also can be laid emphasis in context of the social-economic process. As we have detailed in the earlier discussion, political bodies and government agencies also helps to streamline the economic process through their activities in all instances. The point that we want to argue can be laid emphasis towards situation being undertaken in discourse, and subsequently policies being reached out to carry out actions in practical terms. Thus, what we can conclude to the features of this part of the discussion is the fact that social institutions, be it public, private, governmental or NGOs in all instances influence the economic process of a nation. Hence, understanding the socio-economic forces that play a significant role in contemporary India in integral to derive the meaning of it in one form, and to drive home the idea that economic and social factors often determines the course of international business, its interaction. Political and Legal Environment What is political and what is legal are two different features of the meaning and their term. By political we can simply lay emphasis to the aspects encompassing political institution as such. Hence to ring back the meaning of political forces, we feel the best example can be laid emphasis towards governmental bodies, political leadership and the form of democracy in that regard. Often than not, we found ourselves speculating why political forces decides the course of economic process in the global economy today? Would not we have been well off if there have been no interference for political force? To reach our point in that regard we feel it can be the greatest misrepresentation and misunderstanding. There is no question that society today can flourish without any interference from political forces. That world that we live in today also makes it more relevant for political forces to form a part of the process. Without political forces and their interference, the world would have be en in shambles. Thus, the important features of political forces can be traced. India as a democratic nation has come a long way since the first act of parliament was established. Above all, in context of international business, political force and their influence is one important feature. For a foreign investor or businessman, understanding the role of political force in India can help dramatically in facilitating a course that is legit and in the right earnest. What is crucial to the notion of political force in India in context of international business, or likewise can be looked with the aspects encompassing political interaction. As we can relate toward Indian political business discussion, we should initially understand that the discourse of it is complex. Evolving political and business landscape in India in recent time can be traced to the role political leaders and their leadership have played, nationally and internationally to influence the process. In that regard, we are of the opinion that without any political forces, landscape to facilitate and tap ped the impact of globalization also would not have been possible. Crucial point in that regard can be traced back to the

Symbolism and Irony in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young

Symbolism and Irony in Young Goodman Brown      Ã‚     Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne's " Young Goodman Brown " is the story of a young man faced with the reality that evil is a part of human nature. The story illustrates how naivetà © can drive a person to lunacy. Young Goodman Brown, who symbolizes that Puritan " every man, " is shocked when he sees respected clergymen and women of his village at the devil's communion. His disbelief that it is normal and acceptable to be intrinsically evil causes him to live a life of despair. In the story, symbolism and irony are cleverly implemented to show that no one is completely good or evil, and that the tension between these opposites is where power to progress onward is generated. There are more elements to the story than just the battle of good vs. evil. Sexuality also becomes an issue in the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the beginning of the story, Young Goodman Brown bids farewell to his young wife. The particular aspect of his life that she represents is illustrated by her name " Faith. " Faith " ...thrusts her pretty head into the street, letting the wind play with the pink ribbons of her cap... " (Hawthorne 272). Already the dynamic symbolism between nature and the home is set up. Nature, particularly the wind, forest, and darkness symbolizes sinfulness and evil. The home, specifically Faith and her pink ribbons, symbolizes the perceived safety and security of the Puritan community as asylum from the sin of the rest of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Goodman Brown begins his journey into the woods. He reprimands himself for leaving Faith on such an errand, but promises to " cling to her skirts and follow her to Heaven " (Hawthorne 272) when he returns. This " errand " is never clarified, but it... ...986. 5: 2737-40. Fogle, Richard, H. Hawthorn's Fiction: The Light and the Dark. Oklahoma. University of Oklahoma Press, 1964. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "Young Goodman Brown" An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Alison Reeves. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1995. Shear, Walter. "Cultural fate and social freedom in three American short stories." Studies in Short Fiction, fall 92, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p543, 7p. Swisher, Clarice., ed. "Color and Images in The Scarlet Letter." Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne. Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1996. VonFrank, Albert J. "Pretty in Pink: Young Goodman Brown and New-World." Critical Essay on Hawthorn's Short Stories, Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1991. Zanger, Jules. "Young Goodman Brown" and "A White Heron":Correspondences And illuminations. Papers on Language & Literature. Summer90, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p346, 12p.   

An overview about food allergy

An overview about nutrient allergic reaction1-Cows milk allergic reaction can happen in childhood or babyhoodIntroductionThis essay gives an overview about nutrient allergic reaction detainments, inauspicious reactions of nutrient, the other types of nutrient hypersensitivity and the most of import clinical symptoms. Cow milk allergic reaction as an of import type of nutrient allergic reaction, the essay gives an thought about the prevalence of milk allergic reaction, particularly in UK. Besides, It discusses the implicit in mechanisms and the most of import symptoms of the both types of IGE mediated and non IGE mediated nutrient allergic reaction it gives two illustrations of clinical instances one is IGE mediated and the 2nd is non IGE mediated, the appropriate direction of both. The definition of nutrient allergic reaction as ( EAACI place paper 2001 ) provinces: â€Å" Adverse reaction to nutrient should be called nutrient hypersensitivity, When immunologic mechanisms have been demonstrated, the appropriate term is nutrient allergic reaction, and if the function of IgE is highlighted the term is IgE-mediated nutrient allergic reaction. All other reactions, antecedently sometimes referred to as †food intolerance † , should be referred to as no allergic nutrient hypersensitivity.Severe, generalized allergic reactions to nutrient can be classified as anaphylaxis †1-http eaaci.net/v2/resources/position-papersThe prevalence of milk allergic reaction or overawe milk allergy worldwide is variable, in UK, for illustration: â€Å" Milk allergic reaction is estimated to impact 2 % of babies and immature kids in the UK population. The prevalence of Cow milk allergic reaction ( CMA ) varies with age, with highest prevalence in early childhood ( 2-6 % ) and diminishing prevalence with increasing age. The incidence in maturity is merely 0.1-0.5 % . Persons with a household history of allergic reaction or familial sensitivity are more susceptible to develop CMA. Of the 8 most prevailing nutrient allergic reactions, cow ‘s milk allergic reaction is the most common to babies. It normally develops early in babyhood when susceptibleness is highest and shortly after exposure to overawe ‘s milk baby expression. Onset after 12 months is rare and the hazard of developing CMA is reduced by sole breastfeeding, but this may non forestall the hazard wholly. † ( 2 ) .2-http: //www.milk.co.ukCow ‘s milk allergic reaction is different from cow ‘s milk intolerances such as lactose intolerance and is caused by an inflammatory immune response to milk proteins. CMA is a complex upset and different milk proteins have integrated in the allergic reactions and they have shown to incorporate multiple allergenic antigenic determinants. There is a batch of amongst allergic persons for the peculiar proteins and antigenic determinants to which they react, so, allergic reactions to overawe ‘s milk are driven by more than one immunological mechanism. It is non a individual disease, but perchance involves different types of immunological mechanisms and by and large classified into IGE -mediated allergy and non-IGE mediated allergic reaction. how cattles milk be IGE mediated or non IGE mediated Cow ‘s milk allergic reaction ( CM? ) The history of IGE is: ‘In 1967, immunoglobulin E or IgE, was discovered by two separate research squads, by hubby and married woman squad, Teruko and Kimshige Ishikaza in the US and Gunnar Johanssen and Hans Bennich at Uppsala University infirmary. The squads could show a clear connexion between allergic symptoms and IgE antibodies. ‘3-Accessed 27/01/08 hypertext transfer protocol: // www.phadia.com/dia_templates/Page_2795.aspx3-a literature reappraisal4-report5-Compare and contrast IGE and not IGE6-Clinical presentations7-Immunopathology8-Diagonistic trials( History ) will be the first and of import measure, because of full history taking including household, yesteryear and environmental history.Without this we can non get down any probe and which attack can we get down because of probes in a batch of instances can non take to demand cause of allergic reaction. As AAAAI ( 2006 ) Work Group Report provinces † History pickings is one of the most of import diagnostic tools in medical specialty. In some instances it can be the most unequivocal one, particularly in the field of allergic reaction † -AAAAI Work Group Report: Allergy Diagnosis in Clinical Practice November, 2006 Majamaa ( 1999 ) demonstrated that skin spot testing was the most sensitive diagnostic tool in the kids studied with cow ‘s milk allergic reaction. They concluded that spot proving would significantly increase the chance of early sensing of cow ‘s milk allergic reaction and that verification of the diagnosing by the elimination-challenge process is indispensable in patients with negative trial consequences but a clinical intuition of nutrient allergic reaction. RAST trial for lgE antibody to peanut and so utilize ‘decision point ‘ informations to construe the consequence. If the value obtained is greater or equal to 14 KU/l this is implicative of go oning clinical responsiveness ( 90 % predictive ) and she should go on to avoid peanuts. For a value of 10 KU/l or less I would mention to a specializer Centre nutrient challenge ( ideally double blind placebo controlled ) . If she does non respond so she can re-introduce peanuts into her diet. Decision: Monitorization of specific IgE concentration for milk and casein by agencies of the CAP system in allergic kids to CMPs allows us to foretell, to a high grade of chance, clinical responsiveness. Age factor must be taken into history to measure the specific IgE degrees which are forecasters of tolerance or clinical responsiveness. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004 Jun ; 34 ( 6 ) :866-70. Cow ‘s milk-specific Ig E degrees as forecasters of clinical responsiveness in the followup of the cow ‘s milk allergic reaction babies. Garcia-Ara MC, Boyano-Martinez MT, Diaz-Pena JM, Martin-Munoz MF, Martin-Esteban M.9-Long term forecastAll of you have covered the subject of atopic eczema highly good. I would wish to mention you to two first-class reappraisals on the direction of this common disease. The reappraisal in Clinical Knowledge Summaries ( CKS ) outlines the intervention options including an first-class subdivision on therapies that are non beneficial.This reappraisal besides includes an first-class treatment on the function of creams, which everyone recommends despite the fact that good quality grounds for their usage is missing. CKS ( 2007 ) . Eczema – Atopic. [ Online ] [ Accessed 2nd April 2008 ] . Available from the World Wide Web: & A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cks.library.nhs.uk/eczema_atopic/in_depth/management_issues & gt ; Here is an first-class recent guideline from the ‘Primary Care Dermatology Society & A ; British Association of Dermatologists ‘ produced in ( 2005 ) , which analyses compactly all facets of atopic eczema.You can happen this at: Primary Care Dermatology Society & A ; British Association of Dermatologists. ( 2005 ) Guidelines for the direction of atopic eczema. [ Online ] . [ Accessed on the 2nd April 2008 ] , Available from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bad.org.uk/healthcare/guidelines/PCDSBAD-Eczema.pdf A peculiarly of import issue in the direction of atopic eczema is patient instruction and psychological. Remission of peanut allergic reaction can be predicted by low degrees of IgE antibodies to peanut in the first 2 old ages of life or decreasing degrees of IgE sensitisation by the age of 3 old ages. † Challenges in controlledsettings should be offered to allow patients, becausethe benefit provided to those who are no longer allergic clearlyoutweighs the hazard of a carefully performed challenge.Several of you justly indicate out the clip devouring nature of a DBPCFC and urge unfastened challenges.This is apprehensible, nevertheless, it is deserving emphasizing the importance of double-blind, placebo-controlled nutrient challenges in the diagnosing of nutrient allergic reactions and there is a really interesting paper from Hourihane et Al ( 2005 ) , which discusses the relevancy of this probe in item and which concludes that there is a hapless correlativity between the badness of reported reactions in the community and the badness of reaction elicited during low-dose DBPCFC with peanut. Hourihane J.O. , Grimshaw, K.E. , Lewis, S.A, , Briggs, R.A, , Trewin, J.B. , King, R.M. , Kilburn, S.A. and Warner, J.O. ( 2005 ) .Does badness of low-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled nutrient challenges reflect badness of allergic reactions to peanut in the community? Clin Exp Allergy. [ Online ] . 35 ( 9 ) , [ Accessed 4th October 2007 ] , pp. 1227-33. Available from World Wide Web: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? itool=abstractplus & A ; db=pubmed & amp ; cmd=Retrieve & amp ; dopt=abstractplus & A ; list_uids=16164452 & gt ;10 -Link the clinical manifestations to the underlying immunological procedures immunological procedure through the studya-Advice for the parents of the kid if the implicit in disease The WHO recommendations on the Prevention of Allergy and Allergic Asthma ( Dagli et al 2002 ) states that it is estimated that over 20 % of the universe population suffers from IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Asthma has an allergic constituent in more than 50 % of grownups and in at least 80 % of kids. Asthma is estimated by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) to impact about 150 million people worldwide, puting an tremendous strain on wellness resources in many states and is a major cause of hospitalizations for chronic diseases in kids in the western universe. Dagli, E. , Davies, K.H. et Al ( 2002 ) . WHO recommendations on Prevention of Allergy and Allergic Asthma. Based on WHO/WAO meeting on the Prevention of allergic reaction an allergic asthma Geneva [ Online ] . [ Accessed 13th July 2008 ] . Available World Wide Web. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.worldallergy.org/professional/who_paa2003.pdf b-IGE mediated disease c-Non IGE mediated disease d-How differences influence the psychological facets of the patients and kid ‘s lifeAtopic dermatitis:Cytrizine is really safe even in immature kids and it is effectual in intervention of atopic dermatitis as Simons ( 1999 provinces: â€Å" The safety of cetirizine has been confirmed in this prospective survey, the largest and longest randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled safety probe of any H ( 1 ) -antagonist of all time conducted in kids and the longest prospective safety survey of any H ( 1 ) -antagonist of all time conducted in any age group St. simons ( 1999 ) Prospective, long-run safety rating of the H1-receptor adversary cetirizine in really immature kids with atopic dermatitis. ETAC Study Group. Early Treatment of the Atopic Child.J Allergy Clin Immunol Aug ; 104 ( 2 Pt 1 ) :433-40. , Histamine receptors H1 are located throughout the organic structure, largely on smooth musculus, vascular endothelial cells, the bosom and CNS. It mediates an increased vascular permeableness at the site of redness induced by histamine. H1 plays an of import function in allergic diseases. An illustration of this is on exposure to allergens in allergic coryza H1 receptors cause oculus, nose, pharynx, and roof of the mouth itchiness, rhinorhea, swelling of the deep sinusoids which leads to blockading of air flow, along with complex systemic turning away physiological reactions such as sneeze and the allergic salutation. ( 1 ) ( 1 ) P. H. howarth ( 2002 ) â€Å" The pick of an H1- antihistamine for the twenty-first Century † Clinical and Experimental Allergy reappraisals. 2 ; 18-25. ( online ) Available signifier the universe broad web. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1472-9725.2002.00030.x Leukotriene receptor adversary ( LTRA ) are used for the care intervention of asthma and to alleviate symptoms of seasonal allergic reactions. [ 1 ] 1 ) Wikipedia ( online ) available from the universe broad web accessed the 18/05/08 hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast_cell_stabilizermast celldegranulation,

How do emotional, creative and pessimistic learning styles affect critical thinking? Essay

Critical thinking has a tendency to be thought of as a cold, dispassionate endeavor that rewards objectivism in the name of ultimate truths and facts. However, the rise of cultural pedagogy and critical theory tracks in higher education has created a new system for inquiry that favors a subjective interpretation specifically located in its relevant context. This brief essay will outline how emotional, creative and pessimistic learning styles affect critical thinking. According to the University of Michigan’s Problem Solving page for Critical Thinking, there are four keys to developing critical thinking: Identifying and challenging assumptions, recognizing the importance of context, imagining and exploring alternatives and developing reflective skepticism (Critical). Although all types of learners utilize all four, emotional learners prioritize identifying and challenging assumptions, creative learners emphasize imagining and exploring alternatives, while pessimistic learners tend to value the development of reflective skepticism (Learning). Critical thinking skills need to be cultivated and encouraged by educators according to each student’s particular learning style. No two students are alike and many times students change which type of approach they undertake depending upon the problem (Felder). Critical thinking is a vital component in creating thoughtful and inquisitive students and students need their learning style to fit into this equation. Works Cited Critical Thinking. (2009). The University of Michigan. Retrieved 12 February 2009 from http://www. engin. umich. edu/~problemsolving/strategy/crthink. htm Felder, Richard and Rebecca Brent. Understanding Student Differences. (2005). Journal of Engineering Education. Retrieved 12 February 2009 from http://www4. ncsu. edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Papers/Understanding_Differences. pdf Treuer, Paul. Learning Styles. (2006). The University of Minnesota – Duluth. Retrieved 12 February 2009 from http://www. d. umn. edu/kmc/student/loon/acad/strat/lrnsty. html

Website Content that Matters in Building Your Business

Website Content that Matters in Building Your Business If you are just beginning to create a website for your business, you might have already begun looking at other websites to get an idea of what to do. What youll find, however, is a vast number of poorly run, unprofessional websites that have the wrong content and the wrong approach.If you already have a website, you are likely wondering if it is written and managed correctly. Maybe its not drawing the amount of traffic youd like to see, or maybe it isnt getting the feedback and return on investment that youd prefer.In either scenario, creating and managing meaningful, results-driven content is an obstacle that many small businesses face- and one that many fail to get right. The result is a website that doesnt reflect well on their business and doesnt achieve the return and audience that it could achieve with some fine-tuning and focus on effective content. Consider the basic suggestions below for avoiding this for your own website.The best website content is simple, succinct and easy to readIf your website has gimmicky sales pitches and many words, youre probably doing it wrong. Consider your own preferences when surfing the web- do you take the time to read long pages of writing when looking at a companys website? When you are looking for a service provider, do you stay on the website for longer than 10 or 15 minutes, reading through all of their sales pitches?If you are like most internet users, you dont do this. According to research conducted by Chao Liu, Ryen White and Susan Dumais of Microsoft Research, most internet users determine within the first 10 seconds if they are going to stay on a webpage or leave. If they choose to stay- meaning that the page is designed well and considered a good page- the average length of time they will remain on that webpage is 2 minutes.Another study that was more recent and conducted by the National Center for Biotechnology Information found that 17% of page views lasted less than 4 seconds, 4% of page views lasted more t han 10 minutes, and only 49% of words were typically read on a page containing 111 words or less. Additionally, the study found that users spend only 4.4 seconds more for each additional 100 words. What this means is that when users see more than 100 words on your page, they are most likely to scan instead of read thoroughly, spending only 4.4 seconds per 100 words.Knowing these statistics, why would anyone want to write webpages containing 600 words to describe the services they offer and how great those services are? Instead of focusing on quantity of content on your websites landing pages, you should rather focus on quality, realizing that you have less than 10 seconds to grab the readers attention and point out exactly what it is that sets your business apart from the competition.Useful content showing expertise should be professional, error-free, and updated regularlyBeyond the normal landing pages, writing content that is aimed at showing your expertise in your business is a g reat way to draw more potential clients. This content can be written as whitepapers, newsletters, e-books, or blogs that are filled with useful information designed to educate your clients. This is not content that discusses your business or tries to sell anything. It is content written with one purpose in mind: to educate and inform.This content will contain a higher word count because internet users want to learn information when they come to that particular webpage. For that reason, the clarity with which you relate the information is crucial, and correct grammar is an absolute must. Anything that is written sloppily or unprofessionally will be an immediate turn-off to an internet visitor who will equate the errors or poor grammar with a lack of knowledge and expertise. This will inevitably and irrevocably hurt the reputation of the business who posts it on their webpage.This content should also be updated regularly to show that your business is still working to be on the cutting edge of its field. Old and outdated content will relay the message that either your business is behind on the times or you dont put the same amount of effort into maintaining your expertise as you once did. Neither of these messages are good to relay to potential clients. Therefore, keeping this type of expertise content updated regularly- as well as older content archived well- will give your business that professional, expert presence on the web that every smart business owner should strive for.Avoid sales pitches and let your professionalism speak for itselfIn my 10+ years as a marketing copywriter, I cant count the number of clients who have requested content along the lines of but wait, theres more!. So many businesses (especially newbies to internet marketing) falsely assume that this is the strategy they should take. This type of content not only fails to do what it is intended to do- it also turns off potential customers who are not on your website to read sales pitches and gimmicky language. It has the same effect as the car salesmen who yell their car ads on the radio and television. While they think it produces excitement and makes people want to buy a car, most people just turn it off or turn it down.Any marketing professional will tell you that the same rule applies across the board for all of your marketing content. Whether it is a website, blog, email drips or e-books, the art of the soft sell is much more effective in convincing potential customers to buy your products or use your services. Let your online communication focus on professionalism and information; those are the best techniques for attracting sales.

Chapter 2 Motion in one dimension Essays - Classical Mechanics

Chapter 2 Motion in one dimension Essays - Classical Mechanics Chapter 2 Motion in one dimension Chapter 2 Motion in one dimension 1 / 4 Chapter 2: Motion in one dimension The study of motion and of physical concepts such as force and mass is called dynamics. The part of dynamics that describes motion without regard to its causes is called kinematics. The purpose of this chapter is to describe motion using the concepts of displacement, velocity, and acceleration. For the sake of simplicity, we begin with the study of 1-dimensional motion. 1) Displacement Motion involves the displacement of an object from one place in space and time to another. Describing the motion requires some convenient coordinate system and a specified origin. A frame of reference is a choice of coordinate axes that defines the starting point for measuring any quantity. Ex: Consider a body moving in 1-dimension; a train traveling down a straight railroad track: The x-coordinate of the train at any time describes its position in space. The displacement of an object is defined as its change in position, and is given by: SI unit: meter (m) where the initial position of the object is labeled and the final position is . Note: The displacement of an object is not the same as the distance it travels: when you toss a ball 1 m up and you catch it; the displacement is zero but the distance covered by the ball is 2 m. Chapter 2 Motion in one dimension 2 / 4 2) Velocity 2.1) Speed vs velocity In day-to-day usage, the terms speed and velocity are interchangeable. In physics, however, theres a clear distinction between them: Speed is a scalar quantity, having only magnitude, while velocity is a vector, having both magnitude and direction. 2.2) Average speed The average speed of an object over a given time interval is defined as the total distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed: Average speed is always positive. 2.3) Average velocity a) Definition The average velocity during a time interval t is the displacement divided by t : The average velocity of an object in one dimension can be either positive or negative, depending on the sign of the displacement. Example 1: If you run from x = 0 m to x = 25 m and back to your starting point in a time interval of 5 s. Compare your average speed with your average velocity. 2.4) Instantaneous velocity Average velocity doesnt take into account the details of what happens during an interval of time. To do so, we use the concept of instantaneous velocity. The instantaneous velocity is the limit of the average velocity as the time interval becomes infinitesimally small: SI unit: (m/s) 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h. SI unit: (m/s) SI unit: (m/s) Chapter 2 Motion in one dimension 3 / 4 3) Acceleration The changing of an objects velocity with time is called acceleration. The instantaneous acceleration is given by: 4) One dimensional Motion with constant velocity For a 1-D motion with constant velocity, the kinematic equation of motion is given by: 5) One dimensional Motion with constant acceleration For a 1-D motion with constant acceleration, the Kinematics equations are: We can also use: Example 2: A race car starting from rest accelerates at a constant rate of 5 m/s. 1) What is the velocity of the car after it has traveled 30.5 m? 2) How much time has elapsed? 3) Calculate the average velocity two different ways. Example 3: A typical jetliner lands at a speed of 71.5 m/s and decelerates at the rate of 4.47 m/s. If the plane travels at a constant speed of 71.5 m/s for 1.00 s after landing before applying the brakes, what is the total displacement of the aircraft between touchdown on the runway and coming to rest? 6) Freely falling objects A freely falling object is any object moving freely under the influence of gravity alone, regardless of its initial motion. Ex: Objects thrown upward, downward or released from rest. If we neglect air resistance and assume that the free-fall acceleration doesnt vary with altitude over short vertical distances, then the motion of a freely falling object is the same as motion in one dimension under constant acceleration. If we choose the up-direction as the +y-direction: SI unit: (m/s2 ) for constant a Chapter 2 Motion in one dimension 4 / 4 The kinematics equations of motion with the y-variable are: Example 4: A stone is thrown from the top of a building with an initial velocity of straight upward, at an initial height of above the ground. The stone just misses the edge of the roof on its way down, as shown in the figure. Neglect air drag. Determine: 1) the

Allegory and Obstacles in The Pilgrim’s Progress

Allegory and Obstacles in The Pilgrim’s Progress In the classic allegory The Pilgrim’s Progress, John Bunyan explains the journey of a newly-saved believer. Bunyan’s story unraveled in a dream of a man named Christian. After reading a section in the bible, Christian tells his wife and children that he must find a way to deliver them from the City of Destruction or they will be burned by fire from Heaven. As Christian sat in a field crying for salvation, a man named Evangelist advised him to run toward a shining light that would lead him to the Wicket-gate where he could learn how to be saved. Throughout his journey to the Celestial City, Christian encountered people who tried to discourage him and lead him astray in many ways. Two of these deceiving people, Worldly Wiseman and Apollyon, symbolize very common setbacks that occur in the walk of believers. Worldly Wiseman was a man of high standing in his hometown Carnal Policy. He had great knowledge of how the world sees morality. As he crossed paths with Christian he tried to convince him that going to the Celestial City was a waste of time. He told Christian not to take counsel from Evangelist or read the Bible because doing so would only lead him to peril and death. However, even though Mr. Worldly Wiseman seemed to know what he was talking about, he didn’t. He tried to deceive Christian into thinking that he could have happiness and be released from his burdens if only he lived a moral life. He considered people who took the hard road to the Celestial city foolish. (13-19) For the most part, Worldly Wiseman allegorically represents the world’s scorn of having a relationship with God. The world’s outlook, and that of Worldly Wiseman, fits right into the Devil’s plan because it makes people believe that if they are a good person they will go to Heaven without having a relationship with God and without taking the sins from their life, which is just not true. Christian was led astray by what Worldly Wiseman told him until Evangelist found him again and got him back on the road to the Celestial City. Apollyon was a horrific beast, in the Valley of Humiliation, who believed that he was lord and protector of all the land. He despised the Prince (Jesus) and killed anyone who went to seek Him. When Christian encountered Apollyon, he tried to strike fear in his heart. He told Christian to go back to his home in the City of Destruction or he would kill him as he did the others who passed to find the Prince. Christian did not listen to him, but instead told him that he liked the things of the Prince better than those of Apollyon and would not return to his previous home but continue his journey. Hearing these things enraged Apollyon and he decided to kill Christian. However Christian stood his ground and fought him for nearly half a day. Battered and injured things looked grim for Christian but when Apollyon turned his back the Lord gave him the strength he needed to pierce his sword into the monster, and he flew away bringing victory to Christian. (63-69) Within the narrative, Apollyon symbolizes subjection to worldly power and the loss of spiritual freedom. He tried to take away Christian’s freedom to choose a path towards God. Apollyon is comparable to a dictator who demands that the people under his rule must not worship or follow God, but instead take part in worldly, sinful practices. This type of government is all too common in this world. It causes people to have less knowledge of God because people fear to share the gospel in highly persecuted countries. Also the people who do know the gospel must risk everything at times. It’s hard for a father to sacrifice his wife and children or his life to follow God. However, people in lost, tyrannical countries must stay strong and fearless in their walk with God, and missionaries must trust that God can protect them as they share His Word with those countries. Evangelist went into Apollyon’s dominion, knowing the dangers, in attempt to save as many people as possib le. Christian left his home and family, and went through many trials and obstacles to follow God. God is infinitely worth it though, both Evangelist and Christian knew this. Every character in The Pilgrim’s Progress allegorically stands in for obstacles or blessings that occur in a Christian’s walk with Christ. This essay is focused on the obstacles. One of the worst things that happens in Christian churches across the world is the spectacle of half-hearted â€Å"Christians† believing that they don’t need a relationship with God. Instead, they have the mindset of Mr. Worldly Wiseman and believe following religious rules alone can get them to Heaven. Another common obstacle in a Christian’s, or even a non-believer’s walk is persecution. Apollyon, much like the world’s dictators, persecuted all who wanted to follow God. This kind of leadership makes it much more difficult for believers to follow Christ. Worldly Wiseman and Apollyon both symbolize some of the most destructive problems in the lives of Christs followers. However, those problems in reality, just as in the book, can be overcome.

Effective Time Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effective Time Management - Research Paper Example Productivity, delivery, and success of a project are aspects that are determined by earlier plans and management in the project resources, scope, and other factors. When the initiation, planning, and execution are successfully achieved and controlled, then the completion phase which gives the end product, quality delivery, and success in the general project is attained without crisis. There are many factors that influence all these activities, but with effective time management every crisis is managed and the positive factors are used to perfect the project accomplishment. Badiru identifies the eight functional areas that embody project management practice; scope, time, quality, cost, communication, human resources, contract, and the risk that have to be managed for their influence in project implementation, productivity, and successful delivery. Other factors affecting success are leadership and organization. With effective time management, the management allocates not only the acti vities the required time to be performed, but finds quality time to assess the project progress; this is because time management allows one to become flexible enough, being where or doing what one is required to do at the right time. Divakar and Subramanian classify the critical success factors as strategic and tactical (personnel selection and training, and client consultation). Basically, the effort, plans, and motivations set in the process of planning projects determine the final actions complete it.

The Scottish Parliament Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Scottish Parliament Building - Essay Example One of the major reasons of undertaking the project management activities is to add value to a project as well as to meet the set objectives in order to generate sustainable benefits from the project. According to Lewis (2006) the temporary nature of projects stands in contrast with  operations which are rhythmic, semi-permanent as well as permanent functional activities with the aim of producing products or services. In practice, the management of these two systems is often quite different, and as such requires the development of distinct technical skills and management strategies. Project management has been practiced since early civilization. Joseph (2003) stipulates that creating an appropriate project plan is the first thing a firm should adopt when undertaking any kind of project. However, many project managers fail to realise the value of a project plan in saving time, money and other related problems. There are a number of approaches emulated by project managers during init iating a project. Lewis (2006) stipulates that the major approaches include agile, interactive, incremental, and phased approaches. Regardless of the methodology employed, project managers must adopt careful consideration in order to achieve the overall project objectives. In order to achieve the goals of a project, it is paramount for project managers to be articulate in way they manage their teams. It is important to note that even though adequate financial resources are needed for a project to be successful, motivation of team members is an important aspect that project managers should not overlook. Effective motivation of human labour force, for instance through training and salary increment greatly contributes to completion of a project within the preset duration. The section below candidly discusses various aspects that led to the success of Scottish Parliament. Particularly, the section will cover optimal allocation of financial resources, proper planning of time and recruitm ent of skilled and experienced labour force as the main factors that ensured the success of Scottish Parliament. Factors that contributed to success in the construction of Scottish Parliament There are various factors that contribute to a success or failure of any project in progress. One of the major aspects that led to the success in the construction of Scottish Parliament was effective allocation of financial resources by the external donors. As stipulated by Dennis (2007) it is paramount for project managers to emulate proper use of financial resources so as to avoid vices such as corruption and frauds which are major hindrance of timely completion of a project. Based on the regular financial audit that was carried on during the construction of the Scottish Parliament, the possibilities of occurrence of misuse of funds were minimal. Effective time planning by the project managers is another vital aspect that contributed to the success of Scottish Parliament. Taylor (1999) depict s that failure by some project managers to properly manage their time, is a major factor that causes delay in the completion of the project. In this regard, managers who were responsible for the construction of the Scottish Parliament ensured proper scheduling of activities that were involved in the completion of the entire project. According to Taylor (1999) despite the criticisms and a mixed public reaction, the building was welcomed by architecture professionals and critics.

A psychological disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A psychological disorder - Essay Example Disastrous events and life changing experiences can elevate our level of stress. While many people deal with this day to day stress without medical intervention, it may have a long-term connection with cancer or heart disease (Myers 539,544). Intense feelings of stress are known as anxiety disorders. They seem to have no rational cause and leave a person agitated and out of control of their emotions. The anxiety disorders are further broken down into sub groups that include phobias and panic disorder. These cases of extreme anxiety are treated through conditioning and medication. Depression may be viewed as similar and may be confused with anxiety. While anxiety is the uneasy feeling in regards to a future event, depression is a reaction to a past event (Myers 646). While these feelings may be normal, they become a disorder when they are unrealistic and begin to impede a person's normal activities. Depression is not an abnormal feeling, but when it reaches an ongoing and insidious level, a professional should treat it. There are many modern medications that address both anxiety and depression. More severe forms of psychological disorders are seen in schizophrenia and dissociative disorders. In the former, the mind may be severely disorganized. The victim may suffer from delusions and inappropriate emotions.

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Case analysis - Essay Example At the time when HAG was issuing the bond, it had already diversified its business into mining coal. In terms of geography, most of HAG’s businesses were located in Vietnam. HAG, a renowned real estate company in Vietnam, was going to issue approximately ninety million US dollars of the nine point eight-five notes, which were the debt instruments, in Singapore in the year 2011. After deductions of all the estimated expenses that were payable, the company estimation of the net proceeds from this offering to be around eighty point seven million US dollars. From this perspective, the issue of notes led to several questions arising including the overall cost of the debt. In addition, the reasons HAG chose to raise money in a foreign country, Singapore, and not in its country, Vietnam. All these were to give answers to the costs at which HAG was borrowing the note issue in Singapore, the level at which it was borrowing and whether there was a likelihood of HAG being downgraded from its current rating position of B (Richard Ivey School of Business, 2013). Since it is difficult to obtain real figures on the bank loans proportions to the sector of construction and the real estate business in Vietnam, the government should issue strong regulations. These should be made to preventing the country from deepening further into inflation. High inflation rates in the country will force companies to issue notes in foreign countries. The regulation through limitation of the growth of Credit is important more so in the real estate business to help in putting inflation into check. The growth of credit can be controlled through the reduction of the amount as well as the pace of loan issuance to the sectors that are non-productive. Among the significant risk factors that affect the issuance of notes is the company’s cash flow volatility in Vietnam. In addition, the overall outlook of the

Common Sense by Thomas Paine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Common Sense by Thomas Paine - Essay Example Still, he helped in reforming the British Reform Act and brought liberty to France. In brief, Common sense is a booklet that advocated an instant declaration of the independence, which in turn would postulate a moral obligation to the Americans and the rest of the world. The writing sparked the American Revolution with its great insights that campaigned on freedom and liberty. The pamphlet challenged the leadership of British Government and its Royal monarchy by openly asking for independence. To date, his documentation inspires many as he presented great ideas of how mankind was originally created to be equal and thus, challenged the British Government that the equality could not be destroyed. The booklet â€Å" Common Sense† has been the most influential tract towards American Revolution ever published in English. The main idea was to encourage the colonists to reinforce their resolve to birth the most successful anti-colonial decision of the modern history. Paine’s W ork represents one or more defining American Characteristics as his arguments enhance significance in the â€Å"American Declaration of Independence.† Paine’s writings created a strong ground to the movement that had seldom worked out in past decades. The writing impacted strongly on the sovereignty of people and printed constitutions, which he declared his interests on freedom, liberty, and equality for all people. Still, he insisted on effective checks along with balances in the government as he thought this would transform the economy and better standards of living. In his writting, he inspired many with great thoughts of defining the American characteristics as discussed. In my opinion, this book has resonated with so many different societies and people over the past decades because it presents great thoughts that regard freedom, liberty, and equality. Many identify themselves with Paine’s ideas that mostly majored on defining human characteristics. In other words, his emphasize was to bring a concept that would transform the world with common sense on the need for freedom. To gain a clear understanding, he outlines how the society by its nature is a blessing but regard government in its best state as evil. Paine affirms that the British government destroyed innocent lives thus it was unanswerable to defy human rights. Following this, the writer advocated for an immediate declaration of independence that would regard the rights of people. Therefore, the booklet becomes the leaven for the past decades as it presents great thoughts of freedom, liberty, and equality that most societies and people find it helpful. In his writting, Paine talks at length about monarchy in general and how the British Monarchy was holding back American’s potential. He was successful into bringing the political debate that the British Government merit the attention of other countries with their own governments to form. He captures readers’ attenti on by successfully persuading them that his ideas simply common sense when he relates his ideas in the scripture that disregard the monarchy government as one of the Jews’ sins. He continues to assert that in every instance the monarchy is popery to the government but not to the ordinary citizens. In this regard, he was successful into bring the concept of monarchy into a real political debate by relating it with biblical doctrines that viewed monarchy as evil. Therefore,

A psychological disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A psychological disorder - Essay Example Disastrous events and life changing experiences can elevate our level of stress. While many people deal with this day to day stress without medical intervention, it may have a long-term connection with cancer or heart disease (Myers 539,544). Intense feelings of stress are known as anxiety disorders. They seem to have no rational cause and leave a person agitated and out of control of their emotions. The anxiety disorders are further broken down into sub groups that include phobias and panic disorder. These cases of extreme anxiety are treated through conditioning and medication. Depression may be viewed as similar and may be confused with anxiety. While anxiety is the uneasy feeling in regards to a future event, depression is a reaction to a past event (Myers 646). While these feelings may be normal, they become a disorder when they are unrealistic and begin to impede a person's normal activities. Depression is not an abnormal feeling, but when it reaches an ongoing and insidious level, a professional should treat it. There are many modern medications that address both anxiety and depression. More severe forms of psychological disorders are seen in schizophrenia and dissociative disorders. In the former, the mind may be severely disorganized. The victim may suffer from delusions and inappropriate emotions.

Common Sense by Thomas Paine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Common Sense by Thomas Paine - Essay Example Still, he helped in reforming the British Reform Act and brought liberty to France. In brief, Common sense is a booklet that advocated an instant declaration of the independence, which in turn would postulate a moral obligation to the Americans and the rest of the world. The writing sparked the American Revolution with its great insights that campaigned on freedom and liberty. The pamphlet challenged the leadership of British Government and its Royal monarchy by openly asking for independence. To date, his documentation inspires many as he presented great ideas of how mankind was originally created to be equal and thus, challenged the British Government that the equality could not be destroyed. The booklet â€Å" Common Sense† has been the most influential tract towards American Revolution ever published in English. The main idea was to encourage the colonists to reinforce their resolve to birth the most successful anti-colonial decision of the modern history. Paine’s W ork represents one or more defining American Characteristics as his arguments enhance significance in the â€Å"American Declaration of Independence.† Paine’s writings created a strong ground to the movement that had seldom worked out in past decades. The writing impacted strongly on the sovereignty of people and printed constitutions, which he declared his interests on freedom, liberty, and equality for all people. Still, he insisted on effective checks along with balances in the government as he thought this would transform the economy and better standards of living. In his writting, he inspired many with great thoughts of defining the American characteristics as discussed. In my opinion, this book has resonated with so many different societies and people over the past decades because it presents great thoughts that regard freedom, liberty, and equality. Many identify themselves with Paine’s ideas that mostly majored on defining human characteristics. In other words, his emphasize was to bring a concept that would transform the world with common sense on the need for freedom. To gain a clear understanding, he outlines how the society by its nature is a blessing but regard government in its best state as evil. Paine affirms that the British government destroyed innocent lives thus it was unanswerable to defy human rights. Following this, the writer advocated for an immediate declaration of independence that would regard the rights of people. Therefore, the booklet becomes the leaven for the past decades as it presents great thoughts of freedom, liberty, and equality that most societies and people find it helpful. In his writting, Paine talks at length about monarchy in general and how the British Monarchy was holding back American’s potential. He was successful into bringing the political debate that the British Government merit the attention of other countries with their own governments to form. He captures readers’ attenti on by successfully persuading them that his ideas simply common sense when he relates his ideas in the scripture that disregard the monarchy government as one of the Jews’ sins. He continues to assert that in every instance the monarchy is popery to the government but not to the ordinary citizens. In this regard, he was successful into bring the concept of monarchy into a real political debate by relating it with biblical doctrines that viewed monarchy as evil. Therefore,

Structural approaches to systems of signification are rooted in linguistic theory Essay Example for Free

Structural approaches to systems of signification are rooted in linguistic theory Essay A general analysis of language assists in the deconstruction of meaning as it inscribes in different types of narratives (whether verbal or non-verbal). This analysis can be divided into 4 processes. The first process is the identification of sign systems used in particular social situations. The second process is the determination of body movements, sounds, or letters that individuals use to express the sign system. For example, when an individual refer to the term ‘funeral’, then all individuals in a particular social group must know the proper reference to a funeral. The fourth process is called social convention. Every individual in a community or group must agree on a common set of meanings for the sign system. The fifth process is the rate by which signs changes meaning. This phenomenon is common in Western societies where words and symbols often change as a response to social, economic, and political changes. One of the leading figures of semiotics is Roland Barthes who applied the structuralist linguist theory of Saussure to the study of mythology. His research paved the way for the development of a ‘contemporary mythology. ’ The findings were as follows: 1) The elements involved in narratives are often objects which assume meaning that transcends beyond their aesthetic and normative value. The development of this set of meanings is often expressed in the so-called ‘second level language’; 2) Barthes also identified the so-called ‘second order semiological system’, a sign system which enables people to communicate with each other; 3) An object assumes meaning when society attaches a particular value to a place, object, and entities. However, the significance of an object, idea or place may also be ambiguous and may assume a set of meanings that may be hard to deconstruct. The ability to deconstruct meaning depends on a number of factors: 1) the complexity of the social situation, 2) the relationships of the actors involved, 3) the complexity of the general sign system used, 4) the range of possibilities, and 5) the biases of the researcher. Deconstructing meaning is a process by which an individual attempts to relate one set of meaning to another in a particular situation; that is, the repercussions of motives and intentions are always embedded in behavioral orientation. 2) Language is a system of distinct signs which correspond to distinct ideas (Saussure 1966:16). Please explain the nature of sign according to Saussure’s theory of language. With the publication of the Course of General Linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure established a formal theory of language. Some of the assumptions of his theory were as follows: 1) There is a distinction between language and parole (speech). According to Saussure, language is the system of symbols in which individuals communicate. Parole refers to actual utterances. Since individuals communicate in an infinite number of utterances, it is the symbolic system which is deemed more important. In providing distinction between uttering and language, one is also separating: a) what is social from what is individualistic, and b) what is essential from what is supplemental. Saussure likened this proposition to a chess game. The chess game has rules which define the overall essence of the game. Utterances are the actual moves of the players. The rules reflect the language used in the game; 2) Languages do not produce different versions of reality; they in fact produce different realities. According to Saussure, the differences in language reflect the general differences not only in the interpretation of what is real but also the notion of what ought to be real. In short, if a language does not have a word for ‘natural’ then individuals who use such language will in effect submerged in a world which is unnatural. Here, the term ‘natural’ is both ambiguous and vague because individuals have no common assumptions of what is ‘natural’; 3) Language is the means by which social meanings is communicated through the use of signs. A sign or a word defines the relationship between the assumed image of a set of sounds or signifiers and the actual image in an individual or group’s consciousness. A sign is a mediator between the assumed and the actual, between the real and the immaterial. According to Saussure, signs define the conceptual outlook of particular objects, entities, and even other ideas (Wittgenstein called this as referent idea). For example, the word ‘family’ describes both the ideal notion of a ‘family’ and the actual image of a family (reality). In short, a sign define the ideal and realistic boundary of specific ideas, objects, and entities. The bond, however, between the signifier and the signified is both arbitrary and necessary. The principle of arbitrariness is predominant when all ideas about the boundary of language are assumed to be in unity. Here, language is assumed to be a matter of social convention; that is, a general creation of collective consciousness. Hence, the set of signifiers (signs) becomes a means to describe and define the image of an object, idea, or entity. Signs become, as what philosophers of language called, an ‘arbitrary assumption of events’ – events which are either singular or plural in orientation. Signs therefore are subject to social change – as actors periodically change the meaning and application of signs in a sign system. In some cases, the change is radical that the original symbolic meanings are radically altered. Here, the signs remained intact, but the associated meaning greatly changed. This radical change is though not separated from changes that occur in a larger social environment, for it is the social environment which is the initial source of change. Saussure defined language as both a ‘social phenomenon’ and a ‘psychological phenomenon. ’ It is a social phenomenon because the significance of signs is dependent on social context or milieu. Social context here refers to a state of perpetual change in language over time. In fact, Saussure argued that all languages are equal in complexity. This assumption may be ambitious, but it has not without basis. Languages change because the social contexts to which they are located also change. A good example of language change is the creation of new words in many of the leading world’s languages. This process of language ramification is perhaps due to the rapidly increasing communication among individuals, groups, and institutions. However, much of the newly created words are ambiguous and vague in form. Many individuals either attach multiple meanings to a word or simply fail to attach a clear cut meaning to such word. 3) Debord states: ` an earlier stage in the economy’s domination of social life entailed an obvious downgrading of being into having that left its stamp on all human behaviour. The present stage, which social life is completely taken over by the accumulated products of the economy, entails a generalised shift from having to appearing: all effective `having` must now derive both its immediate prestige and its ultimate raison dentre from appearances` (Debord 1994:16). Explain in your own words Debord’s analysis of the society of the spectacle. Much of Debord’s ideas of the society of the spectacle were derived from Marxian theory. According to Marxian theory: 1) Society is divided into two structures: the superstructure and the substructure. The superstructure is the set of institutions functioning in the society. The substructure is the economic system utilized by the society. There is a dialectic relationship between these two structures. Initially, the substructure influences the creation of the superstructure. The economic system determines the type of institutions that will be developed in the society. The superstructure then either reinforces or alters the substructure, depending on the needs of the society; 2) The behavior of human wants is always conspicuous. Every individual desires not only the basic needs of life but also the ideal notion of fruitful living. Here, Marxian theory suggests that human want is both arbitrary and unlimited. Individuals will strive to attain what is socially acceptable and what is necessary. Consumption is a means to ‘show’ that these ends are met (echoes Veblen’s idea on conspicuous consumption). Individuals therefore, disregarding the efficacy of moderation, engages in subtle confrontation with the sources of frustration. The end: the individual becomes more and more attuned to the affairs of the market, and subject to the whims of the ruling class – whom unconsciously is fueling individual frustration to obtain higher market value for their products. Debord expounded on the development of a modern society in which genuine social life has been displaced with its representation – that is, its image. Debord argues that the history and essence of social life can be understood as the ‘decline of being into having, and having into merely appearing. ’ Debord notes that this condition of human life is the event in which commodity completely colonized the virtue of social life – an unconscious process of colonization of the ideal notion of life. The term ‘spectacle’ connotes a social system characterized by the affluence of advance capitalism, the mass media, and capitalist led governments. The spectacle is the general opposite image of society in which the relationship between commodities have, in general, displaced the relationships between people. The worship of the commodity becomes not just a rule but the aspiration of social life. In the society of the spectacle, the quality of life is poor, human perceptions greatly altered by both the market and mass media, and a general degradation of genuine knowledge. Knowledge becomes a tool for distorting reality – obstructing the true essence of the past, and promising a bright future of mass consumption and happiness. Here, individuals becomes attune to the calls of the promise and prevent themselves from realizing that such ‘spectacle’ is only illusory – that the society of spectacle is only a moment in history which can be overturned by collective action. The responsibility therefore of the ‘drugged’ individual is to free himself from the chains of spectacular images through radical action. This radical action will restore the beauty and essence of social life – life defined not by the relations between commodities but by the relations between individuals. 4) Basing yourself on first Levi-Strauss and then Barthess analyses, describe how myths function as types of narratives that carry a message. Levi-Strauss applied the structural linguistics of Saussure to the analysis of family. Traditionally, the family is seen as the fundamental object of analysis and as a self-contained unit consisting typically of a husband, wife, and children (offspring). Levi-Strauss argued that families only acquire determinate identities through relations among units. Levi-Strauss fundamentally altered the classical view of anthropology, putting the secondary family members first and analyzing the relationships among units instead of the units themselves. Levi-Strauss’ application of structural linguistics is also evident in his work Mythologiques, a series of work on myths and legends. According to Levi-Strauss, myths are a type of speech in which a symbolic system could be discovered. This theory attempted to explain the similarities of myths across cultures. Levi-Strauss argued that there is no such thing as ‘singular authentic version of a myth’ rather a general manifestation of the same language. In order to understand this language, the fundamental units of myth, the mytheme, must be examined. To find the mythemes, Levi-Strauss deconstructed each version of a myth into a set of sentences, consisting generally of a relation between a function and a subject. Sentences with the same function and subject were given the same number. Both Levi-Strauss and Barthess analysis of myths revealed striking results. First, the coagulation of myths is a message of a common language. Second, the myth itself not only expressed social, economic, and political values, but also the means in which people throughout the ages communicate. Third, binary opposition is a common characteristic of language – that is, people communicate through binary opposites. And lastly, myths function as a kind of lingual illusion which drives individual to act on the basis of the myth itself (the myth is a self-sufficient source of action). Here, the degree of which an individual communicates the myth to another individual is related to the preponderance of a myth. Hence, the survival of a myth depends on the way and degree to which it is communicated.

The Sovereignty EU Parliament

The Sovereignty EU Parliament Sovereignty of Member States (UK) after joining European Union structures – does it still exist? It is important first to address what the perception of the doctrine of supremacy is to then examine what effect membership of the European Union has had on the sovereignty of the United Kingdom Parliament. The doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty in the UK can be traced back to the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which is considered by some as being one of the most important events in the long evolution of the respective powers of Parliament, establishing the superiority of statute over prerogative powers. Parliament’s legislative supremacy involves not only the right to change the law, but that they alone should have that right. By the sovereignty of Parliament it is meant that there are no constitutional limitations on legislative powers of ‘Parliament’: the Queen in Parliament, through which a Bill approved by the House of Commons and House of Lords receives Royal Assent and becomes an Act of Parliament. It also extends to include the concept that the courts are under an obligation to give effect to legislation passed by Parliament, and not to question Parliamentary decisions embodied in statute. Thus defined, Dicey said of Parliament, which is had ‘under the English constitution, the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and further that no person or body is recognised by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament.’(Dicey, The Law of the Constitution 1885 p39-40). This statement by Dicey exemplifies the classic interpretation of the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty. However, the Diceyan concept of the absolute, infinite sovereignty of Parliament is considered out of date and therefore in need of being revised. The impact of European law on the ‘sovereignty’ of Member States is one of the most controversial aspects of its working. Sovereignty is generally taken to be the capacity of a state for independent action both within and outside its own territory. That definition may be broken down into three elements. First, and most importantly in the context of international law, comes external sovereignty or the capacity of a state freely to determine its relations with other states or international organisations. A state possessing such capacity is clearly independent of other states. So, in this context, independence is a near synonym for external sovereignty. The counter part of (and necessary condition for) external sovereignty is internal sovereignty which is a state’s exclusive right and jurisdiction to establish its own internal institutions, to make the necessary arrangements for their working, to legislate for all purposes and to secure observance of such legislation. Finally territorial sovereignty is the exclusive authority which a state may exercise over anything or anybody within, above or beneath its territory. This includes the jealousy guarded right to regulate access to the air space above the territory or, for example, to seize foreign submarines which encroach within the territorial waters of a maritime country. Clearly, sovereignty as so defined cannot be absolute. All states must respect the sovereignty of others and accept limitations to their sovereignty stemming either from their interaction with other states or, for example, from treaties which they have entered into. Sovereignty is defined as the ultimate overseer or supreme authority in a state.   In a state sovereignty is vested in the institution, person, or body to impose law on everyone else and to alter any pre-existing law. The word sovereignty is also defined in another ways. Nation states are said to renounce part of their sovereignty, for example by signing a Treaty or by agreeing to an EU Directive which removes the right of decision from the national government or parliament in a particular field. Or they are said to share sovereignty by agreeing to common action though EU institutions, thus participating in decisions taken by the EU in accordance with its procedures, and no longer retaining the right to act unilaterally. In this use of sovereignty it virtually means the same as freedom to decide unilaterally. Before analyzing sovereignty of UK after joining the EU, it is important to outline the reasoning for the supremacy of Community Law from the Community point of view, and then a definition of Parliamentary sovereignty will be given. To summarise the Community view on supremacy according to the Court of Justice is that Community law, because of its unique nature, denies the Member States the right to resolve conflicts of law by reference to their own rules or constitutional provisions. Community law obtains its supremacy because of the transfer of state power and sovereignty to the Community by the Member States in those areas agreed. Furthermore, the Member States have provided the Community with legislative powers to enable it to perform its tasks. There would be no point in such a transfer of powers if the Member States could annul or suspend the effect of Community law by later national law or provisions of the constitutions. If that were allowed to be the case, the existence of t he Community legal order and the Community itself would be called into question. A precondition of the existence and functioning of the Community is the uniform and consistent application of Community law and the Community legal order in all the Member States. It can only achieve such an effect if it takes precedence over national law. Therefore the legal and logical consequence of this is that any provision of national law which conflicts with Community law must be invalid. Now that the supremacy of the Community has been considered, Parliamentary sovereignty must now be considered. Basically, in terms of dicey, the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty means that there are no legal limitations of Parliament and it has the right to make or unmake any law whatsoever. Further, no person or body is recognised as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament. The doctrine also implies that it is impossible to bind future Parliaments. Any subsequent Act expressly or impliedly overrides a prior Act and even international treaties can be expressly overridden by municipal. The UK’s membership of the European Union produces difficult questions of competing supremacies of Parliament and the primacy of EU law. Britain’s accession to the European Economic Community on 1st January 1973, was described by Anthony King as having â€Å"profound constitutional consequences†. (Does the United Kingdom Still Have a Constitution? 2001 p54) Britain’s application for membership was made in 1967, the Treaty of Accession signed on 22nd January 1972 and this was implemented by the European Communities Act 1972. The basis of this Act was a white paper published by the Labour government in 1967, intended to address the constitutional implications of membership of the EC. The paper pointed out that the effect of the UK adhering in advance to future instruments imposed by the Community institutions had no precedent in this country, and would result in a ‘constitutional innovation’. Whether this innovation could be successfully impleme nted was never resolved before the introduction of the 1972 Act. Many have said since our membership in 1973 that our sovereignty has been said to be handed over to the EU. The issues surrounding sovereignty in the UK system are affected by Britain’s membership of the European Union (EU). The laws of the EU are binding on all member states, and therefore, take precedence over British domestic law. Apart from a few exceptions, EU legislation automatically becomes law within the UK, irrespective of the opinion of the British Parliament. Although this is the case, parliament could agree to repeal previous legislation, withdraw from the EU to demonstrate that parliamentary sovereignty still exists. Therefore this leads to the argument that Britain has kept its sovereignty with the fact that it could pass an Act to, â€Å"renounce the Treaty, or would that be an illegal act of rebellion?† (Norman Tebbit Nov. 1998) However, I believe this to be unlikely unless one of the mainstream political parties were to adopt a strong anti-EU policy. T he 1986 Single European Act and the Maastrict Treaty can be seen as reducing Britain’s sovereignty since they have extended the range of policy areas on which the EU can legislate. This has caused many British Conservative members of the European Parliament to continually vote against many proposals, not because they necessarily disagree with them, but that they think they should be dealt with at a national level. Upon Britain’s accession to the EU in 1973, direct effect was accepted by us pretty much immediately. However this was completely opposite when it came to the United Kingdom accepting the supremacy of EU law. This was seen to be a problem because the doctrine conflicts centrally with the concept of having British constitution of ‘parliamentary sovereignty.’ The acts of parliament override all existing law or legislation. However in 1990 the House of Lords found a way to reconcile British parliamentary sovereignty and supremacy. As on a reference from the House of Lords, the European Court of Justice ruled that a 1988 act of British parliament was in breach of EU law. â€Å"The House of Lords accepted the judgement on the grounds that in passing the 1972 act of accession to the EU, British parliament had voluntarily accepted the EU legal system of which the supremacy of EU law is a central part. The House of Lords also argued that this does not compromise parliamentary sovereignty, as a future British parliament could repeal this act of accession.† (The political system of the European Union, Simon Hix, Macmillan Press, London, page 117) Britain’s entry into the European Treatys has attracted huge reform, as British Parliament must legislate in conjunction with EU law. And Acts and Laws already in existence must be interpreted to conform to EU Law, and the State has to ensure that all EU law is transposed and implemented accurately. This puts a huge strain on the Courts whilst ruling, thus making a mockery of Precedent as any case incorporating EU legislation can only be considered using the purposive approach, in order that EU directive can be met. So then this means that Britain has not in fact reserved its sovereignty as promised when first mentioned to the public all those years before. To understand the concept, we first need to acknowledge the unwritten code of the constitution and its efforts to ensure that Parliament is the executive law producing body of the land. And so, any Act of Parliaments will need to be adhered to directly by the applicable national court. In the case of Regina v Secretary of State for Transport, ex parte Factortame it is easy to see the ingratiating manoeuvres of The House of Lords as it bows to supremacy of EU law.